[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":7},["ShallowReactive",2],{"grammar-have-to-must":3},{"title":4,"lead":5,"body":6},"Have to і don't have to; must і mustn't","have to і must — треба. А заперечення різні: don't have to — не обов’язково, mustn't — не можна.","\u003Cdiv class=\"s xl\">\n    \u003Cspan class=\"t su\">Підмет\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan class=\"arrow\">+\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan class=\"t vb\">have to \u002F has to \u002F must\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan class=\"arrow\">+\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan class=\"t\">дієслово\u003C\u002Fspan>\n  \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"grid\">\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"blk\">\n      \u003Cspan class=\"blk-t\">Have to: хто → форма\u003C\u002Fspan>\n      \u003Cdiv class=\"forms\" style=\"--n: 2\">\n        \u003Cdiv class=\"form\">\u003Cspan class=\"t vb\">have to\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan class=\"t su\">I\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan class=\"t su\">you\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan class=\"t su\">we\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan class=\"t su\">they\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n        \u003Cdiv class=\"form\">\u003Cspan class=\"t vb\">has to\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan class=\"t su\">he\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan class=\"t su\">she\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan class=\"t su\">it\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n      \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n      \u003Cdiv class=\"exs\">\n        \u003Cp class=\"ex\">She \u003Cspan class=\"w-vb\">has to\u003C\u002Fspan> clean the tools after work.\u003Cspan class=\"tr\">Після роботи їй треба чистити інструменти.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n      \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n    \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"blk\">\n      \u003Cspan class=\"blk-t\">Must: одна форма, без to\u003C\u002Fspan>\n      \u003Cdiv class=\"s lg\">\u003Cspan class=\"t su\">I \u002F she \u002F they\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan class=\"t vb\">must\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan class=\"t\">wear\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n      \u003Cdiv class=\"contr\">\u003Cspan>must not = must\u003Ci>n't\u003C\u002Fi>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n      \u003Cdiv class=\"exs\">\n        \u003Cp class=\"ex\">You \u003Cspan class=\"w-vb\">must\u003C\u002Fspan> switch off the machine before you leave.\u003Cspan class=\"tr\">Перед виходом треба вимкнути верстат.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n      \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n    \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n  \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"blk\">\n    \u003Cspan class=\"blk-t\">Have to: + \u002F − \u002F ?\u003C\u002Fspan>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"tf\">\n      \u003Cspan class=\"sign\">+\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan class=\"t gh\">·\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan class=\"t su\">You\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan class=\"t vb\">have to\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan class=\"t\">pay.\u003C\u002Fspan>\n      \u003Cspan class=\"sign\">−\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan class=\"t gh\">·\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan class=\"t su\">You\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan class=\"t vb\">don't have to\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan class=\"t\">pay.\u003C\u002Fspan>\n      \u003Cspan class=\"tf-cap\">she: has to → doesn't have to\u003C\u002Fspan>\n      \u003Cspan class=\"sign\">?\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan class=\"t vb\">Do\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan class=\"t su\">I\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan class=\"t vb\">have to\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan class=\"t\">pay?\u003C\u002Fspan>\n      \u003Cspan class=\"tf-cap\">Минуле — had to: Yesterday I had to stay late.\u003C\u002Fspan>\n    \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"exs\">\n      \u003Cp class=\"ex\">\u003Cspan class=\"w-vb\">Do\u003C\u002Fspan> I \u003Cspan class=\"w-vb\">have to\u003C\u002Fspan> bring my own tools? — No, you \u003Cspan class=\"w-vb\">don't have to\u003C\u002Fspan>.\u003Cspan class=\"tr\">Мені треба приносити власні інструменти? — Ні, не треба.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n    \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n  \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"blk\">\n    \u003Cspan class=\"blk-t\">У + однаково, у − по-різному\u003C\u002Fspan>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"mx\">\n      \u003Cspan class=\"mx-corner\">\u003C\u002Fspan>\n      \u003Cspan class=\"mx-h\">must\u003C\u002Fspan>\n      \u003Cspan class=\"mx-h\">have to\u003C\u002Fspan>\n      \u003Cspan class=\"mx-row\">+ треба\u003C\u002Fspan>\n      \u003Cdiv class=\"mx-cell\">\u003Cspan class=\"big\">must\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cp class=\"muted\">так вирішив той, хто говорить: моє правило чи рішення\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp class=\"ex\">You \u003Cspan class=\"w-vb\">must\u003C\u002Fspan> wear gloves when you cut something.\u003Cspan class=\"tr\">Коли щось ріжете, мусите бути в рукавицях.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp class=\"ex\">I \u003Cspan class=\"w-vb\">must\u003C\u002Fspan> call my mum tonight.\u003Cspan class=\"tr\">Я мушу сьогодні ввечері подзвонити мамі.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n      \u003Cdiv class=\"mx-cell\">\u003Cspan class=\"big\">have to\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cp class=\"muted\">обов’язок ззовні: правила, обставини\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp class=\"ex\">But you \u003Cspan class=\"w-vb\">have to\u003C\u002Fspan> lock the cupboard every evening.\u003Cspan class=\"tr\">Але шафку треба щовечора замикати.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n      \u003Cspan class=\"mx-row\">− різне!\u003C\u002Fspan>\n      \u003Cdiv class=\"mx-cell\">\u003Cspan class=\"big\">mustn't\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cp class=\"muted\">не можна, заборонено\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp class=\"ex\">You \u003Cspan class=\"w-vb\">mustn't\u003C\u002Fspan> go back for your bag.\u003Cspan class=\"tr\">Повертатися по сумку не можна.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n      \u003Cdiv class=\"mx-cell\">\u003Cspan class=\"big\">don't have to\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cp class=\"muted\">не обов’язково, але можна\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp class=\"ex\">When you paint, gloves are unnecessary, so you \u003Cspan class=\"w-vb\">don't have to\u003C\u002Fspan> wear them.\u003Cspan class=\"tr\">Коли фарбуєте, рукавиці непотрібні, тож їх можна не вдягати.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n    \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n  \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"callout\">\u003Cspan class=\"callout-mark\">must\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cp>Після must — дієслово \u003Cb>без to\u003C\u002Fb>: You \u003Cb>must wear\u003C\u002Fb>. Минулого в must немає — кажемо \u003Cb>had to\u003C\u002Fb>: Yesterday I \u003Cb>had to\u003C\u002Fb> stay late.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"mis\">\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"bad\">\u003Csvg class=\"ico\">\u003Cuse href=\"#i-bad\" \u002F>\u003C\u002Fsvg>\u003Cspan>You must \u003Cs>to wear\u003C\u002Fs> gloves.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"good\">\u003Csvg class=\"ico\">\u003Cuse href=\"#i-good\" \u002F>\u003C\u002Fsvg>\u003Cspan>You must \u003Cb>wear\u003C\u002Fb> gloves.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"bad\">\u003Csvg class=\"ico\">\u003Cuse href=\"#i-bad\" \u002F>\u003C\u002Fsvg>\u003Cspan>Тут не можна бігати. → You \u003Cs>don't have to\u003C\u002Fs> run here.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"good\">\u003Csvg class=\"ico\">\u003Cuse href=\"#i-good\" \u002F>\u003C\u002Fsvg>\u003Cspan>Тут не можна бігати. → You \u003Cb>mustn't\u003C\u002Fb> run here.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n    \u003Cp class=\"mis-note\">«Не можна» — mustn't. don't have to означає «не обов’язково».\u003C\u002Fp>\n  \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"chk\">\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"chk-h\">\u003Ch2>Перевір себе\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cspan class=\"muted\">Обери форму\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"q\" aria-live=\"polite\" data-answer=\"don't have to\" data-why=\"Рукавиці непотрібні — не обов’язково, а не заборонено → don't have to.\">\n      \u003Cdiv class=\"q-row\">\u003Cspan>Gloves are unnecessary, so you\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan class=\"q-opts\">\u003Cbutton class=\"opt\" type=\"button\">mustn't\u003C\u002Fbutton>\u003Cbutton class=\"opt\" type=\"button\">don't have to\u003C\u002Fbutton>\u003Cbutton class=\"opt\" type=\"button\">must\u003C\u002Fbutton>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan>wear them.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n    \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"q\" aria-live=\"polite\" data-answer=\"has to\" data-why=\"Every member — він або вона → has to.\">\n      \u003Cdiv class=\"q-row\">\u003Cspan>Every member\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan class=\"q-opts\">\u003Cbutton class=\"opt\" type=\"button\">have to\u003C\u002Fbutton>\u003Cbutton class=\"opt\" type=\"button\">has to\u003C\u002Fbutton>\u003Cbutton class=\"opt\" type=\"button\">must to\u003C\u002Fbutton>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan>clean their table.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n    \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n  \u003C\u002Fdiv>",1793376380010]