[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":7},["ShallowReactive",2],{"grammar-reported-speech-say-tell":3},{"title":4,"lead":5,"body":6},"Непряма мова: say чи tell і зсув часів","Переказуємо чужі слова: said або told me, далі (that) і речення, у якому час зсувається на крок у минуле.","\u003Cdiv class=\"s xl\">\n    \u003Cspan class=\"t su\">She\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan class=\"arrow\">+\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan class=\"t k\">said \u002F told me\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan class=\"arrow\">+\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan class=\"t\">(that)\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan class=\"arrow\">+\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan class=\"t vb\">час на крок назад\u003C\u002Fspan>\n  \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"blk\">\n    \u003Cspan class=\"blk-t\">Say чи tell\u003C\u002Fspan>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"split\">\n      \u003Cdiv class=\"split-col\">\n        \u003Cdiv class=\"split-h\">\u003Cspan class=\"t k\">say\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan>без «кому»\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n        \u003Cdiv class=\"exs\">\n          \u003Cp class=\"ex\">He \u003Cspan class=\"w-k\">said\u003C\u002Fspan> that the colour was wrong.\u003Cspan class=\"tr\">Він сказав, що колір не той.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n          \u003Cp class=\"ex\">She \u003Cspan class=\"w-k\">said\u003C\u002Fspan> that it would arrive on Thursday.\u003Cspan class=\"tr\">Вона сказала, що він надійде в четвер.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n        \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n        \u003Cp class=\"muted\">Якщо треба «кому» — лише з to: said \u003Cb>to me\u003C\u002Fb>.\u003C\u002Fp>\n      \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n      \u003Cdiv class=\"split-col\">\n        \u003Cdiv class=\"split-h\">\u003Cspan class=\"t k\">tell\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan>завжди + кому\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n        \u003Cdiv class=\"exs\">\n          \u003Cp class=\"ex\">He \u003Cspan class=\"w-k\">told me\u003C\u002Fspan> that the colour was wrong.\u003Cspan class=\"tr\">Він сказав мені, що колір не той.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n          \u003Cp class=\"ex\">Your colleague \u003Cspan class=\"w-k\">told me\u003C\u002Fspan> that you had this case in green.\u003Cspan class=\"tr\">Ваша колега сказала мені, що у вас є цей чохол у зеленому кольорі.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n        \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n        \u003Cp class=\"muted\">that можна пропустити: She told me (that) she was tired.\u003C\u002Fp>\n      \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n    \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n  \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"blk\">\n    \u003Cspan class=\"blk-t\">Пряма мова → непряма\u003C\u002Fspan>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"swap\">\n      \u003Cspan class=\"swap-l\">пряма\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cdiv class=\"s\">\u003Cspan class=\"t su\">I\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan class=\"t vb\">will call\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan class=\"t su\">you.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n      \u003Cspan class=\"swap-l\">непряма\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cdiv class=\"s\">\u003Cspan class=\"t\">She said\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan class=\"t su\">she\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan class=\"t vb\">would call\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan class=\"t su\">me.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n      \u003Cspan class=\"swap-l\">пряма\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cdiv class=\"s\">\u003Cspan class=\"t su\">We\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan class=\"t vb\">sold\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan class=\"t\">it\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan class=\"t k\">yesterday.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n      \u003Cspan class=\"swap-l\">непряма\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cdiv class=\"s\">\u003Cspan class=\"t\">She said\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan class=\"t su\">they\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan class=\"t vb\">had sold\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan class=\"t\">it\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan class=\"t k\">the day before.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n    \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n    \u003Cp class=\"muted\">Займенники міняємо за мовцем, час — на крок у минуле, слова часу — теж.\u003C\u002Fp>\n  \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"blk\">\n    \u003Cspan class=\"blk-t\">Час на крок назад\u003C\u002Fspan>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"scroll\">\u003Ctable class=\"tbl\">\n      \u003Cthead>\u003Ctr>\u003Cth>Пряма мова\u003C\u002Fth>\u003Cth>Непряма мова\u003C\u002Fth>\u003C\u002Ftr>\u003C\u002Fthead>\n      \u003Ctbody>\n        \u003Ctr>\u003Ctd>\"I \u003Cspan class=\"w-vb\">like\u003C\u002Fspan> it.\"\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd>She said she \u003Cspan class=\"w-vb\">liked\u003C\u002Fspan> it.\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003C\u002Ftr>\n        \u003Ctr>\u003Ctd>\"I'm \u003Cspan class=\"w-vb\">waiting\u003C\u002Fspan>.\"\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd>He said he \u003Cspan class=\"w-vb\">was waiting\u003C\u002Fspan>.\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003C\u002Ftr>\n        \u003Ctr>\u003Ctd>\"I \u003Cspan class=\"w-vb\">ordered\u003C\u002Fspan> blue.\"\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd>She said she \u003Cspan class=\"w-vb\">had ordered\u003C\u002Fspan> blue.\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003C\u002Ftr>\n        \u003Ctr>\u003Ctd>\"I've \u003Cspan class=\"w-vb\">paid\u003C\u002Fspan>.\"\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd>He said he \u003Cspan class=\"w-vb\">had paid\u003C\u002Fspan>.\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003C\u002Ftr>\n        \u003Ctr>\u003Ctd>\"I\u003Cspan class=\"w-vb\">'ll\u003C\u002Fspan> call you.\"\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd>She said she \u003Cspan class=\"w-vb\">would\u003C\u002Fspan> call me.\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003C\u002Ftr>\n        \u003Ctr>\u003Ctd>\"I \u003Cspan class=\"w-vb\">can\u003C\u002Fspan> change it.\"\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd>He said he \u003Cspan class=\"w-vb\">could\u003C\u002Fspan> change it.\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003C\u002Ftr>\n      \u003C\u002Ftbody>\n    \u003C\u002Ftable>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"exs\">\n      \u003Cp class=\"ex\">Mina told her sister that the shop \u003Cspan class=\"w-vb\">had sent\u003C\u002Fspan> the wrong colour.\u003Cspan class=\"tr\">Міна розповіла сестрі, що магазин надіслав не той колір.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n    \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n  \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"grid\">\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"blk\">\n      \u003Cspan class=\"blk-t\">Слова часу теж зсуваються\u003C\u002Fspan>\n      \u003Cdiv class=\"eq\">\u003Cspan>today\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan class=\"op\">→\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan>\u003Cspan class=\"w-k\">that day\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n      \u003Cdiv class=\"eq\">\u003Cspan>yesterday\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan class=\"op\">→\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan>\u003Cspan class=\"w-k\">the day before\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n      \u003Cdiv class=\"eq\">\u003Cspan>tomorrow\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan class=\"op\">→\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan>\u003Cspan class=\"w-k\">the next day\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n      \u003Cdiv class=\"eq\">\u003Cspan>now\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan class=\"op\">→\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan>\u003Cspan class=\"w-k\">then\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n    \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"blk soft\">\n      \u003Cspan class=\"blk-t\">Факт досі правдивий\u003C\u002Fspan>\n      \u003Cp class=\"muted\">Час можна лишити, якщо це правда й зараз.\u003C\u002Fp>\n      \u003Cdiv class=\"exs\">\n        \u003Cp class=\"ex\">She said she \u003Cspan class=\"w-vb\">lives\u003C\u002Fspan> in Lviv.\u003Cspan class=\"tr\">Вона сказала, що живе у Львові.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n      \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n    \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n  \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"callout\">\u003Cspan class=\"callout-mark\">was\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cp>Українською час не змінюємо: «сказала, що \u003Cb>втомилася\u003C\u002Fb>». Англійською — зсуваємо: \u003Cb>She said she was tired.\u003C\u002Fb>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"mis\">\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"bad\">\u003Csvg class=\"ico\">\u003Cuse href=\"#i-bad\" \u002F>\u003C\u002Fsvg>\u003Cspan>She \u003Cs>said me\u003C\u002Fs> the price.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"good\">\u003Csvg class=\"ico\">\u003Cuse href=\"#i-good\" \u002F>\u003C\u002Fsvg>\u003Cspan>She \u003Cb>told me\u003C\u002Fb> the price.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"bad\">\u003Csvg class=\"ico\">\u003Cuse href=\"#i-bad\" \u002F>\u003C\u002Fsvg>\u003Cspan>She \u003Cs>told that\u003C\u002Fs> it was grey.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"good\">\u003Csvg class=\"ico\">\u003Cuse href=\"#i-good\" \u002F>\u003C\u002Fsvg>\u003Cspan>She \u003Cb>said that\u003C\u002Fb> it was grey.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n  \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"chk\">\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"chk-h\">\u003Ch2>Перевір себе\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cspan class=\"muted\">Обери слово\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"q\" aria-live=\"polite\" data-answer=\"told\" data-why=\"Після дієслова одразу «кому» (me) → told.\">\n      \u003Cdiv class=\"q-row\">\u003Cspan>Jess\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan class=\"q-opts\">\u003Cbutton class=\"opt\" type=\"button\">said\u003C\u002Fbutton>\u003Cbutton class=\"opt\" type=\"button\">told\u003C\u002Fbutton>\u003Cbutton class=\"opt\" type=\"button\">spoke\u003C\u002Fbutton>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan>me that it would arrive on Thursday.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n    \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"q\" aria-live=\"polite\" data-answer=\"had ordered\" data-why=\"ordered у прямій мові → на крок назад → had ordered.\">\n      \u003Cdiv class=\"q-row\">\u003Cspan>\"I ordered green.\" → She said she\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan class=\"q-opts\">\u003Cbutton class=\"opt\" type=\"button\">has ordered\u003C\u002Fbutton>\u003Cbutton class=\"opt\" type=\"button\">orders\u003C\u002Fbutton>\u003Cbutton class=\"opt\" type=\"button\">had ordered\u003C\u002Fbutton>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan>green.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n    \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n  \u003C\u002Fdiv>",1793376380602]